大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.     

带桡神经浅支营养血管蒂的桡骨茎突骨(膜)复合瓣转位术

目的介绍一种修复掌、指骨缺损合并皮肤软组织缺损的新型手术方法。方法自2002年以来应用桡神经浅内侧支营养血管的骨(膜)皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损合并掌指骨缺损12例,该复合瓣以桡骨茎突和第2掌骨头的连线为轴心线,以桡神经浅内侧支营养血管构成筋膜蒂。皮瓣最大6cm×3cm,最小3cm×2cm;骨(膜)瓣最大3cm×1.5cm,最小2cm×1.5cm。结果术后12例复合瓣全部成活,创面一期修复,X线显示骨缺损和骨不连在术后2～3个月达到骨愈合,但6例有不同程度的掌指关节活动受限,经康复治疗后好转;术后随访8～12个月,手部外形及功能均较满意。结论桡神经浅内侧支营养血管骨(膜)皮瓣的设计合理,血供可靠,操作简便,适用于修复手背部皮肤软组织缺损合并第1、2、3掌骨和拇、食指指骨近节部分缺损。     

人工肱骨头置换术治疗高龄复杂肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨和分析采用人工肱骨头置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的适应证、手术技术要点和早期疗效。方法对12例肱骨近端四部分骨折伴肱骨头脱位的高龄患者,早期手术行人工肱骨头置换。手术采用三角肌胸肌间入路,先复位大小结节,确定假体高度,骨水泥固定假体保持30°左右的后倾,大小结节再复位固定,必要时取骨折的肱骨头自体骨植骨,术后早期功能锻炼。结果术后平均随访16．6个月,术后未发生感染、神经损伤、关节脱位和假体周围骨折。采用Neer评分系统评定人工关节功能,平均为84．4分,90分以上(优)3例,80～89分(满意)7例,70～79分(不满意)2例,满意率为83．3%。12例患者疼痛方面平均得分为33．5分,功能方面为25．6分,运动方面为16．5分,解剖重建方面为8．8分。结论在正确选择手术适应证、掌握手术技术以及合理的术后康复等前提下,人工肱骨头置换术是治疗高龄患者复杂肱骨近端骨折的有效方法,尤其在减轻创伤后肩关节疼痛方面效果最为显著。但在恢复肩关节活动度方面仍欠满意,需加强对患者术后关节康复训练的指导工作。     

普伐他汀对去势大鼠BMP-2表达及成骨细胞增殖的影响

目的研究普伐他汀治疗去势大鼠骨质疏松症的疗效，并探讨其作用机制。方法取12周龄的雌性Wistar大鼠40只，氯氨酮（5mg／100g）麻醉条件下．其中30只打开腹腔去除双侧卵巢，逐层缝合，另10只予以单纯打开腹腔不切除卵巢。将大鼠分为A组（模型组）、B组（治疗组）、C组（阳性对照组）、D组（假手术组）4组，饲养12周后，分别予以生理盐水（10ml／kg）、普伐他汀水溶液（2mg／kg）、α-D3水溶液（0．05μg／kg）及生理盐水（10ml／kg）灌胃。灌胃12周后，处死各组动物，取右胫骨上端做病理切片，通过HE染色对成骨细胞等进行观察比较；骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）免疫组化染色观察。结果经过12周的普伐他汀水溶液灌胃治疗，明显增加成骨细胞数量（P〈0．05），而且通过免疫组化染色发现有BMP-2的棕色深染，阳性细胞比例明显高于模型组（P〈0．01）。结论普伐他汀可促进成骨细胞增殖、分化，其治疗骨质疏论症的机制是通过提高BMP-2的表达来实现的。     

CTVPA在肺栓塞和下肢静脉血栓形成中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT下肢静脉和肺动脉联合成像(CTVPA)在肺栓塞(PE)及下肢静脉血栓形成(DVT)中的临床应用价值。方法:48例临床疑诊PE患者进行CTVPA检查。所有患者先行增强后肺动脉扫描,延迟180~240s后再行下肢静脉扫描。结果:CTVPA示PE和DVT均表现为血管腔内充盈缺损。48例中CTVPA检出PE和下肢DVT并存者24例,其中双下肢DVT7例,左或右下肢DVT17例;单纯PE4例,单纯下肢DVT15例,右髂外静脉孤立性DVT2例,下腔静脉孤立性DVT1例,2例无明显栓塞征象。和PE并存的下肢DVT中,右下肢(15例)明显多于左下肢(2例),差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.1,P<0.05)。结论:CTVPA可同时诊断PE和下肢DVT,具有良好的成本-效益比;右下肢DVT比左下肢更易发展为PE。     

大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.     

后方入路治疗胫骨平台后方骨折

目的:探讨后方入路治疗胫骨平台后方骨折的骨折类型、手术方法和临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2008年6月至2011年2月采用后方入路治疗且随访完整的8例胫骨平台后方骨折,男5例,女3例;年龄23～55岁,平均41.1岁。致伤原因:车祸伤5例,高处坠落伤3例。2例胫骨平台后方冠状面骨折伴后交叉韧带撕脱和1例后外侧平台劈裂伴塌陷骨折采用正后方"S"形入路,2例后内侧平台骨折采用后内侧倒"L"型入路,3例同时累及胫骨平台前后侧及胫骨干骺端骨折者采用后内侧倒"L"形入路联合前外侧入路行钢板螺钉内固定。关节面塌陷者采用同种异体骨或自体髂骨植骨术。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间8～39个月,平均20个月。全部病例获得影像学上的骨性愈合,愈合时间11～21周,平均14.5周。术中未出现血管、神经损伤,术后无一例出现切口感染、内固定松动及断裂。所有患者术后即刻与术后6个月胫骨平台内翻角(TPA)、内外侧平台后倾角(PA)度数均无统计学差异。术后末次随访Rasmussen膝关节功能评分为19～29分,平均25.60分,其中优4例,良3例,可1例。术后末次随访Rasmussen放射学评分14～18分,平均17.25分,其中优6例,良2例。结论:胫骨平台骨折以后侧为主时,后方入路能得到很好的骨折端暴露,有利于直视下复位固定,术后近期疗效满意。     

空巢老人健康状况及社区护理需求的调查研究

目的了解城乡空巢老人健康状况和社区护理需求,为制定我国空巢老人社区护理发展策略提供依据.方法采用自行设计的问卷对585例空巢老人的人口学资料、健康状况、社区护理需求等进行调查.结果 81.71%的空巢老人患病,其中高血压病居首位.空巢老人对社区护理中的基础护理尤其对测量体温、血压,慢性疾病的健康教育需求迫切.结论空巢老人患病率高,社区护理需求高,社区护理应以社区人群需求为导向,建立社区护理服务网络,全方位开展社区服务.     

普迪思缝线双重环扎加张力带缝合治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折

粉碎性髌骨骨折多由直接暴力引起,治疗方法较多。2002~2005年,笔者采用普迪思缝线(Polydioxanone,PDSⅡ)双重环扎加张力带缝合治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折78例,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组78例,男53例,女25例,年龄17~81岁。均为直接暴力伤所致,伤后至手术时间3~356h。左侧33例,右侧45例。其中合并脑外伤11例。术中探查碎片3块29例,4块33例,5块11例,≥6块5例。78例均用PDSⅡ0号W9236可吸收缝线内固定。1.2手术方法全身或椎管内麻醉。髌前正中切口,常规显露断裂的髌骨、韧带和两侧支持带,暴露骨折端,并清除断端血肿,将骨折初步复位并了…     

大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.